Date: 2016-08-12

When and where do I use a specific bill of lading form?

Specific bills of lading forms should be used based on which method you’re using to transport goods. Here are a few common examples:

Straight bill of lading: this bill of lading is typically used to ship goods to a customer who has already paid for them.

“To order” bill of lading: to order bills of lading are typically negotiable documents and allow the transfer of ownership of the goods outlined in the bill of lading to another party upon endorsement by the party listed as the ultimate consignee on the document. Often under the terms of a letter of credit, the bill of lading is consigned "to order" or "to order of [named] bank."

Inland bill of lading: inland bills of lading are often the first transportation document issued for the international shipment. They are used for cargo shipments by rail or road, but not sea.

Ocean bill of lading: This bill of lading is used for shipping goods overseas. It authorizes the holder or another party to take possession of the goods. Ocean bills of lading can be straight bills of lading or consigned "to order" bills of lading.

Air waybill: the air waybill (AWB) is the equivalent of an ocean bill of lading used in air transport. However, unlike the ocean bill of lading, it cannot be negotiable; in other words, it may not be consigned "to order."

Multimodal bill of lading: You’ll use this type when you combine shipping methods. For example, goods flown from Omaha, Nebraska, to New York City and then shipped to Europe qualify for a multimodal bill of lading.

3. Why do I need a bill of lading?

There are three significant reasons to use a bill of lading form:

Bills of lading are a receipt for the goods shipped;

Bills of lading are evidence of a contract for carriage between the exporter and carrier; and

Bills of lading serve as a document of title.

The key here is correctly completing the document; a mistake could delay a shipment or, worse yet, delay getting paid for a shipment. In addition, consider this: More than 10,000 shipping containers are lost annually—without a correctly completed bill of lading, that could mean a major headache trying to get compensated for your loss.

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